# Add or Update Profiles and Traits with a CSV * FREE: x * TEAM: x * BUSINESS: ✓ * ADDON: ✓ Engage Foundations requires a Business tier account and includes Unify. See the [available plans](https://segment.com/pricing), or [contact Support](https://segment.com/help/contact/) You can use the Profiles CSV Uploader to add or update user profiles and traits. This page contains guidelines for your CSV upload and explains how to upload a CSV file to Engage. > \[!NOTE] > > When you upload a CSV file, Engage generates internal Identify calls using Segment's Tracking API and sends them into the [Engage output source](/docs/segment/unify/debugger/). If you need to update consent preferences for your profiles, you must generate a [Segment Consent Preference Updated](/docs/segment/privacy/consent-management/consent-in-unify/#segment-consent-preference-updated-event) event. For more information, see the [Consent on the Profile](/docs/segment/privacy/consent-management/consent-in-unify/) documentation. ## CSV file upload guidelines Keep the following guidelines in mind as you upload CSV files to Twilio Engage: * You can only upload `.csv` files. * Files can't be empty and must have at least one header and one row. * You can't have multiple columns with the same header. * CSV files cannot exceed 1 million rows (plus one header row), 299 columns, or 100 MB in file size. * You can only upload one file at a time. * Add an identifier column or `anonymous_id` in your identity resolution configuration. * Leave any unknown values blank to avoid bad data. Engage can create a user profile from a single identifier in your CSV. * The template won't include duplicate custom traits, traits with trailing, leading, or multiple consecutive spaces between characters, or [unallowed characters](#allowed-csv-file-characters). * Custom traits column headers are case-sensitive. For example, `first Name`, `FIRST Name`, and `First Name` would all be different traits in the template. * Trailing, leading, or multiple consecutive spaces between characters are not allowed. * The CSV uploader shares [Unify product limits](/docs/segment/unify/product-limits/). * Your keys cannot have an invisible Unicode Byte Order Mark (`\uFEFF`) character at the beginning. Some text editors or applications automatically add a Byte Order Mark when saving a CSV file in UTF-8 to ensure compatibility with Unicode-aware programs. ## Upload a CSV file Use the **Upload CSV** page to upload a CSV file in your Segment space: 1. Navigate to **Unify > Profile explorer** or **Engage > Audiences > Profile explorer**. 2. Click **+Add Profiles**. 3. Download and fill out the CSV template. 4. Upload your CSV file. ### 1. Download your CSV template Click **Download Template** to download a CSV template with identifier columns from your identity resolution configuration. ### 2. Fill out your CSV file Enter values for the identifiers in your CSV file. ### 3. Upload your CSV file Upload a CSV file to Twilio Engage in two ways: * Drag and drop the CSV file in the dropzone. * Click **Browse** to locate the CSV file. ## Work with the CSV template Keep the following in mind as you fill out your CSV template. ### Allowed CSV file characters You can use these characters in your CSV file: * Alphabetic English characters in both upper and lower case * The numerals 0-9 * These special characters: ``!@#$%^&*()_+-=[]{}:\\|.`~<>\/?`` * The following non-English characters: ```text àáâäǎæãåāçćčċďðḍèéêëěẽēėęğġgg͟hħḥh̤ìíîïǐĩīıįķk͟hłļľl̥ṁm̐òóôöǒœøõōřṛr̥ɽßşșśšṣs̤s̱sțťþṭt̤ʈùúûüǔũūűůŵýŷÿźžżẓz̤ÀÁ ÄǍÆÃÅĀÇĆČĊĎÐḌÈÉÊËĚẼĒĖĘĞĠGG͟HĦḤH̤ÌÍÎÏǏĨĪIĮĶK͟HŁĻĽL̥ṀM̐ÒÓÔÖǑŒØÕŌŘṚR̥ɌSẞŚŠŞȘṢS̤S̱ȚŤÞṬT̤ƮÙÚÛÜǓŨŪŰŮŴÝŶŸŹŽŻẒZ ``` ## View Update History Use the Update History page to view CSV file uploads in your workspace over the last 30 days. To view the Update History page: 1. Navigate to **Unify > Profile explorer** or **Engage > Audiences > Profile explorer**. 2. Click **View update history**. ### Validation errors The following table lists validation errors you may run into with your profiles and traits CSV upload: | Error | Error Message | | -------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Invalid file types | You can upload only .csv files. Change your file format, then try again. | | Empty files | This file contains no data. Add data to your CSV, then try again. | | CSV parsing error | We encountered an issue while parsing your CSV file. Validate the CSV file and try again. | | Unexpected/fallback | Something went wrong. Try again later. | | Empty header row | This file contains empty header(s). Remove the empty header(s), then try again. | | File exceeds one million rows | Too many rows. You can upload up to 1000000 rows. | | File exceeds 299 columns | Your CSV file is exceeding the limit of 299 columns. | | File exceeds 100 MB | Files can be up to 100 MB. | | File contains a header with unallowed spaces | This file contains leading, trailing or consecutive spaces. Remove leading, trailing or consecutive spaces, then try again. | | File contains duplicate headers | This file contains duplicate header(s). Remove duplicate header(s), then try again. | | File contains invalid characters | This file contains invalid character(s). Remove invalid character(s), then try again. | | Unconfigured `anonymous_id` or missing Identifier column | This file is missing an identifier column and does not have `anonymous_id` configured. Add an identifier column or add `anonymous_id` in your identity resolution configuration, then try again. |