# Account Verification with Authy, Node.js and Express

> \[!WARNING]
>
> As of November 2022, Twilio no longer provides support for Authy SMS/Voice-only customers. Customers who were also using Authy TOTP or Push prior to March 1, 2023 are still supported. The Authy API is now closed to new customers and will be fully deprecated in the future.
>
> For new development, we encourage you to use the [Verify v2 API](/docs/verify/api).
>
> Existing customers will not be impacted at this time until Authy API has reached End of Life. For more information about migration, see [Migrating from Authy to Verify for SMS](https://www.twilio.com/blog/migrate-authy-to-verify).

Ready to implement user account verification in your application? Here's how it works at a high level:

1. The user begins the registration process by entering their data, including a phone number, into a signup form.
2. The authentication system sends a one-time password to the user's mobile phone to verify the phone number.
3. The user enters the one-time password into a form to complete registration.
4. The user sees a success page and receives an SMS indicating that their account has been created.

## Building Blocks

To get this done, you'll be working with the following Twilio-powered APIs:

**Authy REST API**

* [Users Resource](/docs/authy/api/users): You will need to create Authy users to send and verify one-time passwords.
* [SMS Resource](/docs/authy/api/one-time-passwords#send-a-one-time-password-via-sms): We will ask Authy to send one-time passwords to our user via SMS.
* [Verify Resource](/docs/verify): Used to verify tokens entered by the user in our web form during registration.

**Twilio REST API**

* [Messages Resource](/docs/messaging/api/message-resource): We will use Twilio directly to send our user a confirmation message after they create an account.

Let's get started!

## The User Model

Our first order of business is to create a model object for a user of our application. We will borrow a lot of the code from the `User` model in the [2FA tutorial](/docs/authy/tutorials/two-factor-authentication-node-express) that uses Authy as well. This application uses [MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.com/) for persistence, but in our code we will primarily interface with [Mongoose](https://mongoosejs.com), a higher-level object modeling tool which is backed by MongoDB.

You'll notice an `authyId` property on the model - [this is required to support integration with the Authy API](/docs/authy/api/users). We won't use this property right away but we'll need it later for the Authy integration.

One of the properties on the `User` model is the password. It is not in scope for this tutorial, but take note: you'll probably want it later for logging in a returning user.

```js title="User Model definitions for use with Twilio and Authy" description="models/User.js"
// !mark(12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40)
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
const config = require('../config');

// Create authenticated Authy and Twilio API clients
const authy = require('authy')(config.authyKey);
const twilioClient = require('twilio')(config.accountSid, config.authToken);

// Used to generate password hash
const SALT_WORK_FACTOR = 10;

// Define user model schema
const UserSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    fullName: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    countryCode: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    phone: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    verified: {
        type: Boolean,
        default: false,
    },
    authyId: String,
    email: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
        unique: true,
    },
    password: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
});

// Middleware executed before save - hash the user's password
UserSchema.pre('save', function(next) {
    const self = this;

    // only hash the password if it has been modified (or is new)
    if (!self.isModified('password')) return next();

    // generate a salt
    bcrypt.genSalt(SALT_WORK_FACTOR, function(err, salt) {
        if (err) return next(err);

        // hash the password using our new salt
        bcrypt.hash(self.password, salt, function(err, hash) {
            if (err) return next(err);

            // override the cleartext password with the hashed one
            self.password = hash;
            next();
        });
    });
});

// Test candidate password
UserSchema.methods.comparePassword = function(candidatePassword, cb) {
    const self = this;
    bcrypt.compare(candidatePassword, self.password, function(err, isMatch) {
        if (err) return cb(err);
        cb(null, isMatch);
    });
};

// Send a verification token to this user
UserSchema.methods.sendAuthyToken = function(cb) {
    var self = this;

    if (!self.authyId) {
        // Register this user if it's a new user
        authy.register_user(self.email, self.phone, self.countryCode,
            function(err, response) {
            if (err || !response.user) return cb.call(self, err);
            self.authyId = response.user.id;
            self.save(function(err, doc) {
                if (err || !doc) return cb.call(self, err);
                self = doc;
                sendToken();
            });
        });
    } else {
        // Otherwise send token to a known user
        sendToken();
    }

    // With a valid Authy ID, send the 2FA token for this user
    function sendToken() {
        authy.request_sms(self.authyId, true, function(err, response) {
            cb.call(self, err);
        });
    }
};

// Test a 2FA token
UserSchema.methods.verifyAuthyToken = function(otp, cb) {
    const self = this;
    authy.verify(self.authyId, otp, function(err, response) {
        cb.call(self, err, response);
    });
};

// Send a text message via twilio to this user
UserSchema.methods.sendMessage =
  function(message, successCallback, errorCallback) {
      const self = this;
      const toNumber = `+${self.countryCode}${self.phone}`;

      twilioClient.messages.create({
          to: toNumber,
          from: config.twilioNumber,
          body: message,
      }).then(function() {
        successCallback();
      }).catch(function(err) {
        errorCallback(err);
      });
  };

// Export user model
module.exports = mongoose.model('User', UserSchema);

```

Now that you've created your user model, let's check out the form template for creating a user.

## The New User Form Template

When we create a new user, we ask for a name, email address, password and mobile number including country code. In order to validate the user account we use Authy to send a one-time password via SMS to this phone number.

```jade title="Form template for user creation" description="views/users/create.jade"
extends ../layout

block styles
  link(rel='stylesheet', media='screen'
    href='//www.authy.com/form.authy.min.css')

block content
  h1 We're Going To Be *BEST* Friends
  p.
    Thank you for your interest in signing up! Can you tell us a bit about
    yourself?

  form(action='/users', method='POST')
    .form-group
      label(for='fullName') Your Full Name:
      input.form-control(type='text', name='fullName',
        placeholder='Peggy Carter')

    .form-group
      label(for='email') Your email Address:
      input.form-control(type='email', name='email',
        placeholder='pcarter@ssr.gov')

    .form-group
      label(for='password') Your Password:
      input.form-control(type='password', name='password')

    .form-group
      label(for='countryCode') Country Code:
      select(id='authy-countries', name='countryCode')

    .form-group
      label(for='phone') Mobile Phone:
      input.form-control(type='text', name='phone', placeholder='651-867-5309')

    button.btn.btn-primary(type='submit') Create Account

block scripts
  // Include Authy form helpers and additional helper script
  script(src='//www.authy.com/form.authy.min.js')
  script(src='/js/create_form.js')
```

Now the user is logged in but not verified. In the next steps we'll learn how to verify the user using Authy.

## Configuring Authy

In `config.js`, we list configuration parameters for the application. Most are pulled in from system environment variables, which is a helpful way to access sensitive values (like API keys). This prevents us from accidentally checking them in to source control.

Now, we need our Authy production key ([sign up for Authy here](https://www.twilio.com/console/authy/applications)). Once you create an Authy application, the production key is found on the dashboard:

![Authy dashboard showing API key for production and user statistics graph.](https://docs-resources.prod.twilio.com/2720fd9bb34fe2032c4473ed56fc85b23f02ab4729f5d4b7908dc427c49bd0fb.png)

```js title="Configure your application to work with Authy" description="config.js"
// !mark(27,28)
const dotenvSafe = require('dotenv-safe');

const nodeEnv = process.env.NODE_ENV;
if(nodeEnv && nodeEnv === 'production') {
  // If it's running in Heroku, we set MONGO_URL to an arbitrary value so that
  // dotenv-safe doesn't throw an error. MONGO_URL is not read in Heroku as
  // MONGODB_URI will be set
  process.env.MONGO_URL = 'placeholder';
}
dotenvSafe.load();

const cfg = {};

// HTTP Port to run our web application
cfg.port = process.env.PORT || 3000;

// A random string that will help generate secure one-time passwords and
// HTTP sessions
cfg.secret = process.env.APP_SECRET || 'keyboard cat';

// Your Twilio account SID and auth token, both found at:
// https://www.twilio.com/user/account
//
// A good practice is to store these string values as system environment
// variables, and load them from there as we are doing below. Alternately,
// you could hard code these values here as strings.
cfg.accountSid = process.env.TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID;
cfg.authToken = process.env.TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN;

// A Twilio number you control - choose one from:
// https://www.twilio.com/user/account/phone-numbers/incoming
// Specify in E.164 format, e.g. "+16519998877"
cfg.twilioNumber = process.env.TWILIO_NUMBER;

// Your Authy production key - this can be found on the dashboard for your
// Authy application
cfg.authyKey = process.env.AUTHY_API_KEY;

// MongoDB connection string - MONGO_URL is for local dev,
// MONGODB_URI is for the MongoLab add-on for Heroku deployment
// when using docker-compose
cfg.mongoUrl = process.env.MONGODB_URI || process.env.MONGO_URL;

// Export configuration object
module.exports = cfg;

```

Next, we need to jump over to the `User` model to configure the Authy client and create an instance method to send a one-time password.

## Sending a Verification Token

When it comes time to actually send the user a verification code, we do that in a User model function.

Before sending the code, an [Authy user](/docs/authy/api/users) needs to exist and correlate to our `User` model in the database. If the `authyId` for our user instance hasn't been set, we use the Authy API client to create an associated Authy user and store that ID.

Once the user has an `authyId`, we can send a verification code to that user's mobile phone using the [Authy API client](https://github.com/evilpacket/node-authy).

```js title="Check the user's authyId, register a new user, and send a one-time token" description="models/User.js"
// !mark(100,101,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99)
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
const config = require('../config');

// Create authenticated Authy and Twilio API clients
const authy = require('authy')(config.authyKey);
const twilioClient = require('twilio')(config.accountSid, config.authToken);

// Used to generate password hash
const SALT_WORK_FACTOR = 10;

// Define user model schema
const UserSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    fullName: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    countryCode: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    phone: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    verified: {
        type: Boolean,
        default: false,
    },
    authyId: String,
    email: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
        unique: true,
    },
    password: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
});

// Middleware executed before save - hash the user's password
UserSchema.pre('save', function(next) {
    const self = this;

    // only hash the password if it has been modified (or is new)
    if (!self.isModified('password')) return next();

    // generate a salt
    bcrypt.genSalt(SALT_WORK_FACTOR, function(err, salt) {
        if (err) return next(err);

        // hash the password using our new salt
        bcrypt.hash(self.password, salt, function(err, hash) {
            if (err) return next(err);

            // override the cleartext password with the hashed one
            self.password = hash;
            next();
        });
    });
});

// Test candidate password
UserSchema.methods.comparePassword = function(candidatePassword, cb) {
    const self = this;
    bcrypt.compare(candidatePassword, self.password, function(err, isMatch) {
        if (err) return cb(err);
        cb(null, isMatch);
    });
};

// Send a verification token to this user
UserSchema.methods.sendAuthyToken = function(cb) {
    var self = this;

    if (!self.authyId) {
        // Register this user if it's a new user
        authy.register_user(self.email, self.phone, self.countryCode,
            function(err, response) {
            if (err || !response.user) return cb.call(self, err);
            self.authyId = response.user.id;
            self.save(function(err, doc) {
                if (err || !doc) return cb.call(self, err);
                self = doc;
                sendToken();
            });
        });
    } else {
        // Otherwise send token to a known user
        sendToken();
    }

    // With a valid Authy ID, send the 2FA token for this user
    function sendToken() {
        authy.request_sms(self.authyId, true, function(err, response) {
            cb.call(self, err);
        });
    }
};

// Test a 2FA token
UserSchema.methods.verifyAuthyToken = function(otp, cb) {
    const self = this;
    authy.verify(self.authyId, otp, function(err, response) {
        cb.call(self, err, response);
    });
};

// Send a text message via twilio to this user
UserSchema.methods.sendMessage =
  function(message, successCallback, errorCallback) {
      const self = this;
      const toNumber = `+${self.countryCode}${self.phone}`;

      twilioClient.messages.create({
          to: toNumber,
          from: config.twilioNumber,
          body: message,
      }).then(function() {
        successCallback();
      }).catch(function(err) {
        errorCallback(err);
      });
  };

// Export user model
module.exports = mongoose.model('User', UserSchema);

```

After the user receives the verification code, they will pass it to the application using [this form](https://github.com/TwilioDevEd/account-verification-node/blob/master/views/users/verify.jade).

Let's check out the controller that handles the form.

## Verifying the Code: Controller

This controller function handles the form's submission. It's a little longer than the others, but it has a lot to do. It needs to:

* Load a `User` model for the current verification request.
* Use an instance function on the model object to verify the code that was entered by the user.
* If the code entered was valid, it will flip a Boolean flag on the user model to indicate the account was verified.

Take a look at the `User` model to see the instance method that handles verifying the code with Authy.

```js title="Handle submission of a verification token" description="controllers/users.js"
// !mark(100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,95,96,97,98,99)
const User = require('../models/User');

// Display a form that allows users to sign up for a new account
exports.showCreate = function(request, response) {
    response.render('users/create', {
        title: 'Create User Account',
        // include any errors (success messages not possible for view)
        errors: request.flash('errors'),
    });
};

// create a new user based on the form submission
exports.create = function(request, response) {
    const params = request.body;

    // Create a new user based on form parameters
    const user = new User({
        fullName: params.fullName,
        email: params.email,
        phone: params.phone,
        countryCode: params.countryCode,
        password: params.password,
    });

    user.save(function(err, doc) {
        if (err) {
            // To improve on this example, you should include a better
            // error message, especially around form field validation. But
            // for now, just indicate that the save operation failed
            request.flash('errors', 'There was a problem creating your'
                + ' account - note that all fields are required. Please'
                + ' double-check your input and try again.');

            response.redirect('/users/new');
        } else {
            // If the user is created successfully, send them an account
            // verification token
            user.sendAuthyToken(function(err) {
                if (err) {
                    request.flash('errors', 'There was a problem sending '
                        + 'your token - sorry :(');
                }

                // Send to token verification page
                response.redirect('/users/'+doc._id+'/verify');
            });
        }
    });
};

// Display a form that allows users to enter a verification token
exports.showVerify = function(request, response) {
    response.render('users/verify', {
        title: 'Verify Phone Number',
        // include any errors
        errors: request.flash('errors'),
        // success messsages
        successes: request.flash('successes'),
        // Include database ID to include in form POST action
        id: request.params.id,
    });
};

// Resend a code if it was not received
exports.resend = function(request, response) {
    // Load user model
    User.findById(request.params.id, function(err, user) {
        if (err || !user) {
            return die('User not found for this ID.');
        }

        // If we find the user, let's send them a new code
        user.sendAuthyToken(postSend);
    });

    // Handle send code response
    function postSend(err) {
        if (err) {
            return die('There was a problem sending you the code - please '
                + 'retry.');
        }

        request.flash('successes', 'Code re-sent!');
        response.redirect('/users/'+request.params.id+'/verify');
    }

    // respond with an error
    function die(message) {
        request.flash('errors', message);
        response.redirect('/users/'+request.params.id+'/verify');
    }
};

// Handle submission of verification token
exports.verify = function(request, response) {
    let user = {};

    // Load user model
    User.findById(request.params.id, function(err, doc) {
        if (err || !doc) {
            return die('User not found for this ID.');
        }

        // If we find the user, let's validate the token they entered
        user = doc;
        user.verifyAuthyToken(request.body.code, postVerify);
    });

    // Handle verification response
    function postVerify(err) {
        if (err) {
            return die('The token you entered was invalid - please retry.');
        }

        // If the token was valid, flip the bit to validate the user account
        user.verified = true;
        user.save(postSave);
    }

    // after we save the user, handle sending a confirmation
    function postSave(err) {
        if (err) {
            return die('There was a problem validating your account '
                + '- please enter your token again.');
        }

        // Send confirmation text message
        const message = 'You did it! Signup complete :)';
        user.sendMessage(message, function() {
          // show success page
          request.flash('successes', message);
          response.redirect(`/users/${user._id}`);
        }, function(err) {
          request.flash('errors', 'You are signed up, but '
              + 'we could not send you a message. Our bad :(');
        });
    }

    // respond with an error
    function die(message) {
        request.flash('errors', message);
        response.redirect('/users/'+request.params.id+'/verify');
    }
};

// Show details about the user
exports.showUser = function(request, response, next) {
    // Load user model
    User.findById(request.params.id, function(err, user) {
        if (err || !user) {
            // 404
            return next();
        }

        response.render('users/show', {
            title: 'Hi there ' + user.fullName + '!',
            user: user,
            // any errors
            errors: request.flash('errors'),
            // any success messages
            successes: request.flash('successes'),
        });
    });
};

```

Now let's see how we can use Authy to actually verify the code.

## Verifying the Code: Model

This instance function is a thin wrapper around the Authy client function that sends a candidate password to be verified. We call Authy's built-in [verify](https://www.npmjs.com/package/authy#verify-token) function, and then immediately call a passed callback function with the result.

```js title="Verify the user's Authy token" description="models/User.js"
// !mark(102,103,104,105,106,107,108)
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
const config = require('../config');

// Create authenticated Authy and Twilio API clients
const authy = require('authy')(config.authyKey);
const twilioClient = require('twilio')(config.accountSid, config.authToken);

// Used to generate password hash
const SALT_WORK_FACTOR = 10;

// Define user model schema
const UserSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    fullName: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    countryCode: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    phone: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    verified: {
        type: Boolean,
        default: false,
    },
    authyId: String,
    email: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
        unique: true,
    },
    password: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
});

// Middleware executed before save - hash the user's password
UserSchema.pre('save', function(next) {
    const self = this;

    // only hash the password if it has been modified (or is new)
    if (!self.isModified('password')) return next();

    // generate a salt
    bcrypt.genSalt(SALT_WORK_FACTOR, function(err, salt) {
        if (err) return next(err);

        // hash the password using our new salt
        bcrypt.hash(self.password, salt, function(err, hash) {
            if (err) return next(err);

            // override the cleartext password with the hashed one
            self.password = hash;
            next();
        });
    });
});

// Test candidate password
UserSchema.methods.comparePassword = function(candidatePassword, cb) {
    const self = this;
    bcrypt.compare(candidatePassword, self.password, function(err, isMatch) {
        if (err) return cb(err);
        cb(null, isMatch);
    });
};

// Send a verification token to this user
UserSchema.methods.sendAuthyToken = function(cb) {
    var self = this;

    if (!self.authyId) {
        // Register this user if it's a new user
        authy.register_user(self.email, self.phone, self.countryCode,
            function(err, response) {
            if (err || !response.user) return cb.call(self, err);
            self.authyId = response.user.id;
            self.save(function(err, doc) {
                if (err || !doc) return cb.call(self, err);
                self = doc;
                sendToken();
            });
        });
    } else {
        // Otherwise send token to a known user
        sendToken();
    }

    // With a valid Authy ID, send the 2FA token for this user
    function sendToken() {
        authy.request_sms(self.authyId, true, function(err, response) {
            cb.call(self, err);
        });
    }
};

// Test a 2FA token
UserSchema.methods.verifyAuthyToken = function(otp, cb) {
    const self = this;
    authy.verify(self.authyId, otp, function(err, response) {
        cb.call(self, err, response);
    });
};

// Send a text message via twilio to this user
UserSchema.methods.sendMessage =
  function(message, successCallback, errorCallback) {
      const self = this;
      const toNumber = `+${self.countryCode}${self.phone}`;

      twilioClient.messages.create({
          to: toNumber,
          from: config.twilioNumber,
          body: message,
      }).then(function() {
        successCallback();
      }).catch(function(err) {
        errorCallback(err);
      });
  };

// Export user model
module.exports = mongoose.model('User', UserSchema);

```

This is a great start, but what if your code never reaches the end user's handset? Authy can help us to re-send a missing code.

## Re-sending the Code

This controller function loads the `User` model associated with the request and then uses the same instance function we defined earlier to resend the code.

```js title="Resend a user's code" description="controllers/users.js"
// !mark(64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92)
const User = require('../models/User');

// Display a form that allows users to sign up for a new account
exports.showCreate = function(request, response) {
    response.render('users/create', {
        title: 'Create User Account',
        // include any errors (success messages not possible for view)
        errors: request.flash('errors'),
    });
};

// create a new user based on the form submission
exports.create = function(request, response) {
    const params = request.body;

    // Create a new user based on form parameters
    const user = new User({
        fullName: params.fullName,
        email: params.email,
        phone: params.phone,
        countryCode: params.countryCode,
        password: params.password,
    });

    user.save(function(err, doc) {
        if (err) {
            // To improve on this example, you should include a better
            // error message, especially around form field validation. But
            // for now, just indicate that the save operation failed
            request.flash('errors', 'There was a problem creating your'
                + ' account - note that all fields are required. Please'
                + ' double-check your input and try again.');

            response.redirect('/users/new');
        } else {
            // If the user is created successfully, send them an account
            // verification token
            user.sendAuthyToken(function(err) {
                if (err) {
                    request.flash('errors', 'There was a problem sending '
                        + 'your token - sorry :(');
                }

                // Send to token verification page
                response.redirect('/users/'+doc._id+'/verify');
            });
        }
    });
};

// Display a form that allows users to enter a verification token
exports.showVerify = function(request, response) {
    response.render('users/verify', {
        title: 'Verify Phone Number',
        // include any errors
        errors: request.flash('errors'),
        // success messsages
        successes: request.flash('successes'),
        // Include database ID to include in form POST action
        id: request.params.id,
    });
};

// Resend a code if it was not received
exports.resend = function(request, response) {
    // Load user model
    User.findById(request.params.id, function(err, user) {
        if (err || !user) {
            return die('User not found for this ID.');
        }

        // If we find the user, let's send them a new code
        user.sendAuthyToken(postSend);
    });

    // Handle send code response
    function postSend(err) {
        if (err) {
            return die('There was a problem sending you the code - please '
                + 'retry.');
        }

        request.flash('successes', 'Code re-sent!');
        response.redirect('/users/'+request.params.id+'/verify');
    }

    // respond with an error
    function die(message) {
        request.flash('errors', message);
        response.redirect('/users/'+request.params.id+'/verify');
    }
};

// Handle submission of verification token
exports.verify = function(request, response) {
    let user = {};

    // Load user model
    User.findById(request.params.id, function(err, doc) {
        if (err || !doc) {
            return die('User not found for this ID.');
        }

        // If we find the user, let's validate the token they entered
        user = doc;
        user.verifyAuthyToken(request.body.code, postVerify);
    });

    // Handle verification response
    function postVerify(err) {
        if (err) {
            return die('The token you entered was invalid - please retry.');
        }

        // If the token was valid, flip the bit to validate the user account
        user.verified = true;
        user.save(postSave);
    }

    // after we save the user, handle sending a confirmation
    function postSave(err) {
        if (err) {
            return die('There was a problem validating your account '
                + '- please enter your token again.');
        }

        // Send confirmation text message
        const message = 'You did it! Signup complete :)';
        user.sendMessage(message, function() {
          // show success page
          request.flash('successes', message);
          response.redirect(`/users/${user._id}`);
        }, function(err) {
          request.flash('errors', 'You are signed up, but '
              + 'we could not send you a message. Our bad :(');
        });
    }

    // respond with an error
    function die(message) {
        request.flash('errors', message);
        response.redirect('/users/'+request.params.id+'/verify');
    }
};

// Show details about the user
exports.showUser = function(request, response, next) {
    // Load user model
    User.findById(request.params.id, function(err, user) {
        if (err || !user) {
            // 404
            return next();
        }

        response.render('users/show', {
            title: 'Hi there ' + user.fullName + '!',
            user: user,
            // any errors
            errors: request.flash('errors'),
            // any success messages
            successes: request.flash('successes'),
        });
    });
};

```

To wrap things up, let's let the user know that their account has been verified via a success page and an SMS to their device.

## Show User Details Page

This controller function renders a Jade template that contains the user's full name, and indicates whether or not they are verified by checking the user's `verified` property.

```js title="Show details about a user" description="controllers/users.js"
// !mark(146:164)
const User = require('../models/User');

// Display a form that allows users to sign up for a new account
exports.showCreate = function(request, response) {
    response.render('users/create', {
        title: 'Create User Account',
        // include any errors (success messages not possible for view)
        errors: request.flash('errors'),
    });
};

// create a new user based on the form submission
exports.create = function(request, response) {
    const params = request.body;

    // Create a new user based on form parameters
    const user = new User({
        fullName: params.fullName,
        email: params.email,
        phone: params.phone,
        countryCode: params.countryCode,
        password: params.password,
    });

    user.save(function(err, doc) {
        if (err) {
            // To improve on this example, you should include a better
            // error message, especially around form field validation. But
            // for now, just indicate that the save operation failed
            request.flash('errors', 'There was a problem creating your'
                + ' account - note that all fields are required. Please'
                + ' double-check your input and try again.');

            response.redirect('/users/new');
        } else {
            // If the user is created successfully, send them an account
            // verification token
            user.sendAuthyToken(function(err) {
                if (err) {
                    request.flash('errors', 'There was a problem sending '
                        + 'your token - sorry :(');
                }

                // Send to token verification page
                response.redirect('/users/'+doc._id+'/verify');
            });
        }
    });
};

// Display a form that allows users to enter a verification token
exports.showVerify = function(request, response) {
    response.render('users/verify', {
        title: 'Verify Phone Number',
        // include any errors
        errors: request.flash('errors'),
        // success messsages
        successes: request.flash('successes'),
        // Include database ID to include in form POST action
        id: request.params.id,
    });
};

// Resend a code if it was not received
exports.resend = function(request, response) {
    // Load user model
    User.findById(request.params.id, function(err, user) {
        if (err || !user) {
            return die('User not found for this ID.');
        }

        // If we find the user, let's send them a new code
        user.sendAuthyToken(postSend);
    });

    // Handle send code response
    function postSend(err) {
        if (err) {
            return die('There was a problem sending you the code - please '
                + 'retry.');
        }

        request.flash('successes', 'Code re-sent!');
        response.redirect('/users/'+request.params.id+'/verify');
    }

    // respond with an error
    function die(message) {
        request.flash('errors', message);
        response.redirect('/users/'+request.params.id+'/verify');
    }
};

// Handle submission of verification token
exports.verify = function(request, response) {
    let user = {};

    // Load user model
    User.findById(request.params.id, function(err, doc) {
        if (err || !doc) {
            return die('User not found for this ID.');
        }

        // If we find the user, let's validate the token they entered
        user = doc;
        user.verifyAuthyToken(request.body.code, postVerify);
    });

    // Handle verification response
    function postVerify(err) {
        if (err) {
            return die('The token you entered was invalid - please retry.');
        }

        // If the token was valid, flip the bit to validate the user account
        user.verified = true;
        user.save(postSave);
    }

    // after we save the user, handle sending a confirmation
    function postSave(err) {
        if (err) {
            return die('There was a problem validating your account '
                + '- please enter your token again.');
        }

        // Send confirmation text message
        const message = 'You did it! Signup complete :)';
        user.sendMessage(message, function() {
          // show success page
          request.flash('successes', message);
          response.redirect(`/users/${user._id}`);
        }, function(err) {
          request.flash('errors', 'You are signed up, but '
              + 'we could not send you a message. Our bad :(');
        });
    }

    // respond with an error
    function die(message) {
        request.flash('errors', message);
        response.redirect('/users/'+request.params.id+'/verify');
    }
};

// Show details about the user
exports.showUser = function(request, response, next) {
    // Load user model
    User.findById(request.params.id, function(err, user) {
        if (err || !user) {
            // 404
            return next();
        }

        response.render('users/show', {
            title: 'Hi there ' + user.fullName + '!',
            user: user,
            // any errors
            errors: request.flash('errors'),
            // any success messages
            successes: request.flash('successes'),
        });
    });
};
```

This should suffice for confirmation in the browser that the user has been verified. Let's see how we might send a confirmation via text message.

## Sending a Message

Here, we add another instance function to the model that will [send a text message](/docs/messaging/api/message-resource#send-an-sms-message) to the user's configured phone number. Rather than just being a one-time password, this can be anything we wish.

```js title="Send a text message via Twilio to a user" description="models/User.js"
// !mark(111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125)
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
const config = require('../config');

// Create authenticated Authy and Twilio API clients
const authy = require('authy')(config.authyKey);
const twilioClient = require('twilio')(config.accountSid, config.authToken);

// Used to generate password hash
const SALT_WORK_FACTOR = 10;

// Define user model schema
const UserSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    fullName: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    countryCode: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    phone: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
    verified: {
        type: Boolean,
        default: false,
    },
    authyId: String,
    email: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
        unique: true,
    },
    password: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    },
});

// Middleware executed before save - hash the user's password
UserSchema.pre('save', function(next) {
    const self = this;

    // only hash the password if it has been modified (or is new)
    if (!self.isModified('password')) return next();

    // generate a salt
    bcrypt.genSalt(SALT_WORK_FACTOR, function(err, salt) {
        if (err) return next(err);

        // hash the password using our new salt
        bcrypt.hash(self.password, salt, function(err, hash) {
            if (err) return next(err);

            // override the cleartext password with the hashed one
            self.password = hash;
            next();
        });
    });
});

// Test candidate password
UserSchema.methods.comparePassword = function(candidatePassword, cb) {
    const self = this;
    bcrypt.compare(candidatePassword, self.password, function(err, isMatch) {
        if (err) return cb(err);
        cb(null, isMatch);
    });
};

// Send a verification token to this user
UserSchema.methods.sendAuthyToken = function(cb) {
    var self = this;

    if (!self.authyId) {
        // Register this user if it's a new user
        authy.register_user(self.email, self.phone, self.countryCode,
            function(err, response) {
            if (err || !response.user) return cb.call(self, err);
            self.authyId = response.user.id;
            self.save(function(err, doc) {
                if (err || !doc) return cb.call(self, err);
                self = doc;
                sendToken();
            });
        });
    } else {
        // Otherwise send token to a known user
        sendToken();
    }

    // With a valid Authy ID, send the 2FA token for this user
    function sendToken() {
        authy.request_sms(self.authyId, true, function(err, response) {
            cb.call(self, err);
        });
    }
};

// Test a 2FA token
UserSchema.methods.verifyAuthyToken = function(otp, cb) {
    const self = this;
    authy.verify(self.authyId, otp, function(err, response) {
        cb.call(self, err, response);
    });
};

// Send a text message via twilio to this user
UserSchema.methods.sendMessage =
  function(message, successCallback, errorCallback) {
      const self = this;
      const toNumber = `+${self.countryCode}${self.phone}`;

      twilioClient.messages.create({
          to: toNumber,
          from: config.twilioNumber,
          body: message,
      }).then(function() {
        successCallback();
      }).catch(function(err) {
        errorCallback(err);
      });
  };

// Export user model
module.exports = mongoose.model('User', UserSchema);
```

Congratulations! You now have the power to register and verify users with Authy and Twilio SMS. Where can we take it from here?

## Where to Next?

If you're a Node developer working with Twilio, you might want to check out these other tutorials:

**[Click-To-Call](/docs/voice/sdks/javascript/get-started)**

Put a button on your web page that connects visitors to live support or salespeople via telephone.

**[Automated Survey](/docs/voice/sdks/javascript/get-started)**

Instantly collect structured data from your users with a survey conducted over a call or SMS text messages.